What is a chemical peel?

A chemical peel works by applying a controlled chemical solution to the skin to dissolve and remove its outer layers. The procedure is used to address sun damage, acne scars, fine lines, uneven tone, and pigmentation problems. The depth of treatment determines both results and recovery time.

Peels are categorized by how far into the skin they penetrate. Superficial peels affect only the epidermis (outermost layer) and require minimal downtime. Medium peels reach the dermis and produce more noticeable results with a week or two of redness and peeling. Deep peels penetrate furthest and deliver dramatic improvement but involve significant recovery and carry higher risk.

The acids used vary by strength and purpose. Glycolic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA), is common in superficial and medium peels and suits sensitive skin well. Salicylic acid, a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA), penetrates pores effectively and works best for oily and acne-prone skin. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is stronger and used in medium and deep peels for more severe concerns. Phenol, the strongest option, is reserved for deep peels on limited areas.

Results depend on peel depth and skin condition. Superficial peels may need monthly repeats for maintenance, while deeper peels can deliver lasting improvement with a single treatment. Recovery includes sun sensitivity and temporary discomfort. Ontario plastic surgeons offer chemical peels as part of their skin rejuvenation services, with consultation helping determine the right depth and acid type for your goals.